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Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
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Malaysia's Military, Police and Security Agencies :: Perbincangan MPSA Negara Lain :: Foreign Military History
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Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by HangPC2 Sun 25 Nov 2012, 5:46 pm
Ottomans introduced oranges to Oberndorf
The trade of Mauser guns from the city of Oberndorf served as one of the milestones of Turkish-German friendship during the 19th century. (PHOTO AA, ARiF YAKICI)
1 January 2012 / ZEYNEP KILIÇ , OBERNDORF
Oberndorf am Neckar is a small city in southern Germany, unknown to many Germans.
With a population of 14,000, a river flowing through the middle, cute buildings lining both sides of the river and the woods giving the city a natural background, it is a typical German city. It has a small cemetery. Among many well-tended graves, decorated with crosses and flowers, are two modest ones. As we come closer to one of them and see an inscription reading, “ Ottoman Captain İbrahim Efendi, 1854-1882, ” we wonder what the Ottomans might have been doing in this small German city. Our quest for the answer takes us on an interesting trip back in time.
Oberndorf is a small city, but it has fame far beyond its size. Its fame is attributable to the Mauser arms manufacturer, which is known in Turkey as “ mavzer. ” While Turkey tends to regard mavzer as a type of firearm, the name is actually derived from an arms factory that produced hundreds of thousands of arms and sold them to big states in the 19th century. It is even said that if the rifles produced by this company were attached to each other, they would travel around the world twice. The Ottoman Empire contributed to their impressive production by buying its share of guns from Mauser. In fact, the Ottoman state was among Mauser’s major customers. A delegation of Ottoman officials arrived in Oberndorf to discuss a contract and receive firearms training, and these Turks stayed in the city for some time and became very popular among locals.
The arms deal in question actually served as one of the milestones of the Turkish-German friendship. Historian Mehmet Beşirli believes that the German arms industry helped avert the financial crisis of 1891-1894, thanks to Mauser’s weapons sales to the Ottoman state in Oberndorf and Loewe, in Berlin.
It was largely due to the famous Von der Goltz Pasha that the Ottoman Empire chose Germany over the UK and France as their source for buying about 1 million arms to modernize its army. Beşirli says that Goltz Pasha, an influential partner for German arms companies, acted like the representative to Turkey for German companies during the 12 years he stayed in Turkey. Pasha was trading in İstanbul when he learned about Abdülhamit II’s plans to modernize the Ottoman army. He quickly went to Oberndorf and came back with a weapon specifically produced for the Ottoman sultan. Abdülhamit was impressed with the gun and wanted to buy more for the army. So he sent an Ottoman delegation consisting of experts and military officers to Oberndorf in 1879, but they were unable to return as quickly as they had left. As the Ottoman sultan ordered more and more arms, the delegation had to stay longer in the city. Turks established warm relations with German peasants and they even attended the city’s traditional carnival, Fasching. This festival was how inhabitants of Oberndorf came to know oranges.
The custom was that during the festival, people in the procession would throw breads, sausages and candies to onlookers. Thanks to the Ottoman delegation, they started to throw oranges as well.
Mahmut Şevket Pasha, the head of the Ottoman delegation, saw that breads called “ bretzel ” were being thrown by the festival procession, and he suggested to Germans that they might throw oranges instead. Germans complied with the pasha’s wish and the Ottoman palace learned about this development. The Ottoman sultan liked the idea very much, and he started to send oranges to Oberndorf during festival time every year. Oberndorf Museum Director Andreas Kussman Hochhalter explains that the Ottoman palace continued to send oranges until the 1920s. Oranges are still thrown during the festival today.
Cengiz Taştan, who spent his childhood and youth in Oberndorf, says that he clearly remembers that oranges were thrown during festivals when he was a child. However, he adds, no one except old Germans know that this tradition was introduced by the Ottomans. Taştan indicates that Turks living in the vicinity do not know about the Ottoman presence in Oberndorf, but those who know it pay a visit to two graves in the city cemetery.
Mauser, established by King Frederick I of Württemberg in 1811, stopped producing arms in 1946. It was replaced by Heckler-Koch, which now produces hunting rifles and small firearms. In the city cemetery, there are two graves. One is small, belonging to an unknown Ottoman, and the other belongs to Captain İbrahim Efendi. Both are waiting for visiting Turks to say prayers for their souls.
- Today Zaman -
The trade of Mauser guns from the city of Oberndorf served as one of the milestones of Turkish-German friendship during the 19th century. (PHOTO AA, ARiF YAKICI)
1 January 2012 / ZEYNEP KILIÇ , OBERNDORF
Oberndorf am Neckar is a small city in southern Germany, unknown to many Germans.
With a population of 14,000, a river flowing through the middle, cute buildings lining both sides of the river and the woods giving the city a natural background, it is a typical German city. It has a small cemetery. Among many well-tended graves, decorated with crosses and flowers, are two modest ones. As we come closer to one of them and see an inscription reading, “ Ottoman Captain İbrahim Efendi, 1854-1882, ” we wonder what the Ottomans might have been doing in this small German city. Our quest for the answer takes us on an interesting trip back in time.
Oberndorf is a small city, but it has fame far beyond its size. Its fame is attributable to the Mauser arms manufacturer, which is known in Turkey as “ mavzer. ” While Turkey tends to regard mavzer as a type of firearm, the name is actually derived from an arms factory that produced hundreds of thousands of arms and sold them to big states in the 19th century. It is even said that if the rifles produced by this company were attached to each other, they would travel around the world twice. The Ottoman Empire contributed to their impressive production by buying its share of guns from Mauser. In fact, the Ottoman state was among Mauser’s major customers. A delegation of Ottoman officials arrived in Oberndorf to discuss a contract and receive firearms training, and these Turks stayed in the city for some time and became very popular among locals.
The arms deal in question actually served as one of the milestones of the Turkish-German friendship. Historian Mehmet Beşirli believes that the German arms industry helped avert the financial crisis of 1891-1894, thanks to Mauser’s weapons sales to the Ottoman state in Oberndorf and Loewe, in Berlin.
It was largely due to the famous Von der Goltz Pasha that the Ottoman Empire chose Germany over the UK and France as their source for buying about 1 million arms to modernize its army. Beşirli says that Goltz Pasha, an influential partner for German arms companies, acted like the representative to Turkey for German companies during the 12 years he stayed in Turkey. Pasha was trading in İstanbul when he learned about Abdülhamit II’s plans to modernize the Ottoman army. He quickly went to Oberndorf and came back with a weapon specifically produced for the Ottoman sultan. Abdülhamit was impressed with the gun and wanted to buy more for the army. So he sent an Ottoman delegation consisting of experts and military officers to Oberndorf in 1879, but they were unable to return as quickly as they had left. As the Ottoman sultan ordered more and more arms, the delegation had to stay longer in the city. Turks established warm relations with German peasants and they even attended the city’s traditional carnival, Fasching. This festival was how inhabitants of Oberndorf came to know oranges.
The custom was that during the festival, people in the procession would throw breads, sausages and candies to onlookers. Thanks to the Ottoman delegation, they started to throw oranges as well.
Mahmut Şevket Pasha, the head of the Ottoman delegation, saw that breads called “ bretzel ” were being thrown by the festival procession, and he suggested to Germans that they might throw oranges instead. Germans complied with the pasha’s wish and the Ottoman palace learned about this development. The Ottoman sultan liked the idea very much, and he started to send oranges to Oberndorf during festival time every year. Oberndorf Museum Director Andreas Kussman Hochhalter explains that the Ottoman palace continued to send oranges until the 1920s. Oranges are still thrown during the festival today.
Cengiz Taştan, who spent his childhood and youth in Oberndorf, says that he clearly remembers that oranges were thrown during festivals when he was a child. However, he adds, no one except old Germans know that this tradition was introduced by the Ottomans. Taştan indicates that Turks living in the vicinity do not know about the Ottoman presence in Oberndorf, but those who know it pay a visit to two graves in the city cemetery.
Mauser, established by King Frederick I of Württemberg in 1811, stopped producing arms in 1946. It was replaced by Heckler-Koch, which now produces hunting rifles and small firearms. In the city cemetery, there are two graves. One is small, belonging to an unknown Ottoman, and the other belongs to Captain İbrahim Efendi. Both are waiting for visiting Turks to say prayers for their souls.
- Today Zaman -
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by HangPC2 Sat 23 Mar 2013, 8:32 pm
Siri Kuliah Sejarah - Peristiwa Dahagi di Singapura (1915)
Askar-askar India Muslim dan melayu dijatuhkan hukuman tembak (firing squad) dalam peristiwa Dahagi kerana menyokong Khilafah Uthmaniah dan pertahan Palestin.
Assalamualaikum,
Saya ada mengisi siri-siri kuliah sejarah bulanan di beberapa buah mesjid di Selangor. Salah satu dari kuliah tersebut ialah 'Perihal sokongan ulama tanah air kepada Khilafah Uthmaniah'. Sebagai mukaddimah saya terangkan di mana kedudukan khalifah dalam sistem politik tertinggi umat Islam dan peranannya di dalam memayungi ummah. Saya jelaskan juga apakah bencana yang menimpa umat ini apabila khilafah terakhir, Khilafah Uthmaniyah luput pada tahun 1924. Di sentuh juga sepintas lalu mengenai usaha as-Syahid Imam Al-Banna dan program maratib-ul-amal untuk mengembalikan khilafah bermula dengan pembinaan syahsiah muslimah sehingga terbitnya ustiazatul alam (Islamic world order yang memayungi seluruh dunia).
Untuk siri yang pertama ini saya bongkar hubungan perjuangan umat Islam di Tanah Melayu dengan sistem khilafah yang berpusat di Istanbul. Saya jelaskan pada hadirin bahawa kita kena letakkan ulama-ulama pejuang yang selama ini dinobat sebagai pejuang nasionalis melayu kepada para mujahiddin yang gerak kerja dan perjuangannya bersifat global dan 'alami. Ini termasuklah peranan yang dimainkan oleh Dato' Bahaman, Tuk Gajah (Imam Perang Rasul), Mat Kilau, Tuk Janggut dan Tuk Ku Paloh.
Apabila pecah perang dunia pertama, Turki Uthmaniy terseret sama ke dalam kancah global ini demi mempertahankan kedaulatan wilayah Islam dari pencerobohan British dan Peranchis. Untuk menghadapi ancaman barat ini maka khilafah telah mengeluarkan pengistiharan Jihad-i-akbar pada bulan Nov 1914. Fatwa kewajipan jihad ini telah membangkitkan umat Islam di seluruh dunia termasuk di Tanah Melayu. Singapura yang merupakan pusat pentadbiran dan military base bagi British menempatkan juga askar-sakar India muslim dan melayu dalam pasukan British. Mereka akan dihantar ke tanah Arab untuk membantu 'revolusi Arab' menentang Turki Uthmani (Revolusi Arab ini dicetuskan oleh agen British T.E Lawrence atau terkenal dengan gelaran 'Lawrence of Arabia untuk mengusir Turki dari 'levant' termasuk Palestin). Askar melayu pula akan dihantar ke Afrika Timur untuk menggugat wilayah Islam seperti Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan.
Seorang ulama tempatan bernama Ust Nurul Alam Syah dari Kampung Jawa, Singapura dan seorang saudagar Gujerat bernama Kassim ali telah meniup semangat jihad di kalangan tentera Islam supaya tidak patuh kepada arahan British dan sebaliknya memerangi mereka yang memusuhi Islam. Pada 15 February 1915 seramai 815 askar India Muslim dan 100 askar melayu telah menyerang kedudukan pasukan British, menyebabkan 33 orang askar British terkorban. British telah memohon bantuan dari TSN (Timbalan Setia Negeri) untuk mematahkan pemberontakan ini. Ini adalah satu episod malang di mana Tentera Setia Negeri telah digunakan untuk mengkhianati perjuangan umat Islam.
Peristiwa yang disebut sebagai ' Dahagi ' (mutiny - atau pemberontakan) ini telah menyebabkan ramai askar-askar muslim dijatuhkan hukuman bunuh dengan ' firing squad '. Ust Nurul Alam dan Kassim Ali di hukum gantung.
Demikian secebis dari perjuangan umat ini yang tidak pernah diungkap dalam buku-buku sejarah rasmi negara kita. Atas kesedaran bahawa ada usaha untuk menafikan umat ini dari sejarah sebenarnya, saya akan berusaha untuk mengenengahkannya kembali melalui ucapan, ceramah dan penulisan buku insyaAllah.
Berikut saya akan kupas apakah kesan kebangkitan di Singapura ini kepada perjuangan ulama pejuang Tuk Janggut di Kelantan insyAllah.
Prof Madya Dr Hafidzi Mohd Noor
Sources : http://lambaian-islah.blogspot.com/
Askar-askar India Muslim dan melayu dijatuhkan hukuman tembak (firing squad) dalam peristiwa Dahagi kerana menyokong Khilafah Uthmaniah dan pertahan Palestin.
Assalamualaikum,
Saya ada mengisi siri-siri kuliah sejarah bulanan di beberapa buah mesjid di Selangor. Salah satu dari kuliah tersebut ialah 'Perihal sokongan ulama tanah air kepada Khilafah Uthmaniah'. Sebagai mukaddimah saya terangkan di mana kedudukan khalifah dalam sistem politik tertinggi umat Islam dan peranannya di dalam memayungi ummah. Saya jelaskan juga apakah bencana yang menimpa umat ini apabila khilafah terakhir, Khilafah Uthmaniyah luput pada tahun 1924. Di sentuh juga sepintas lalu mengenai usaha as-Syahid Imam Al-Banna dan program maratib-ul-amal untuk mengembalikan khilafah bermula dengan pembinaan syahsiah muslimah sehingga terbitnya ustiazatul alam (Islamic world order yang memayungi seluruh dunia).
Untuk siri yang pertama ini saya bongkar hubungan perjuangan umat Islam di Tanah Melayu dengan sistem khilafah yang berpusat di Istanbul. Saya jelaskan pada hadirin bahawa kita kena letakkan ulama-ulama pejuang yang selama ini dinobat sebagai pejuang nasionalis melayu kepada para mujahiddin yang gerak kerja dan perjuangannya bersifat global dan 'alami. Ini termasuklah peranan yang dimainkan oleh Dato' Bahaman, Tuk Gajah (Imam Perang Rasul), Mat Kilau, Tuk Janggut dan Tuk Ku Paloh.
Apabila pecah perang dunia pertama, Turki Uthmaniy terseret sama ke dalam kancah global ini demi mempertahankan kedaulatan wilayah Islam dari pencerobohan British dan Peranchis. Untuk menghadapi ancaman barat ini maka khilafah telah mengeluarkan pengistiharan Jihad-i-akbar pada bulan Nov 1914. Fatwa kewajipan jihad ini telah membangkitkan umat Islam di seluruh dunia termasuk di Tanah Melayu. Singapura yang merupakan pusat pentadbiran dan military base bagi British menempatkan juga askar-sakar India muslim dan melayu dalam pasukan British. Mereka akan dihantar ke tanah Arab untuk membantu 'revolusi Arab' menentang Turki Uthmani (Revolusi Arab ini dicetuskan oleh agen British T.E Lawrence atau terkenal dengan gelaran 'Lawrence of Arabia untuk mengusir Turki dari 'levant' termasuk Palestin). Askar melayu pula akan dihantar ke Afrika Timur untuk menggugat wilayah Islam seperti Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan.
Seorang ulama tempatan bernama Ust Nurul Alam Syah dari Kampung Jawa, Singapura dan seorang saudagar Gujerat bernama Kassim ali telah meniup semangat jihad di kalangan tentera Islam supaya tidak patuh kepada arahan British dan sebaliknya memerangi mereka yang memusuhi Islam. Pada 15 February 1915 seramai 815 askar India Muslim dan 100 askar melayu telah menyerang kedudukan pasukan British, menyebabkan 33 orang askar British terkorban. British telah memohon bantuan dari TSN (Timbalan Setia Negeri) untuk mematahkan pemberontakan ini. Ini adalah satu episod malang di mana Tentera Setia Negeri telah digunakan untuk mengkhianati perjuangan umat Islam.
Peristiwa yang disebut sebagai ' Dahagi ' (mutiny - atau pemberontakan) ini telah menyebabkan ramai askar-askar muslim dijatuhkan hukuman bunuh dengan ' firing squad '. Ust Nurul Alam dan Kassim Ali di hukum gantung.
Demikian secebis dari perjuangan umat ini yang tidak pernah diungkap dalam buku-buku sejarah rasmi negara kita. Atas kesedaran bahawa ada usaha untuk menafikan umat ini dari sejarah sebenarnya, saya akan berusaha untuk mengenengahkannya kembali melalui ucapan, ceramah dan penulisan buku insyaAllah.
Berikut saya akan kupas apakah kesan kebangkitan di Singapura ini kepada perjuangan ulama pejuang Tuk Janggut di Kelantan insyAllah.
Prof Madya Dr Hafidzi Mohd Noor
Sources : http://lambaian-islah.blogspot.com/
HangPC2- Captain
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by atreyudevil Thu 24 Oct 2013, 2:15 am
HangPC
Kapten Barbossa a.k.a Red Beard tarak ka?
tami tami tami
Kapten Barbossa a.k.a Red Beard tarak ka?
tami tami tami
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by alphawolf Thu 24 Oct 2013, 9:03 am
Dahagi Singapura juga berlaku sebab hasutan POW Jerman di Singapura
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by dreamwarrior Thu 24 Oct 2013, 10:25 am
antara sebab Palestin jatuh ke tangan Yahudi adalah pengkhianatan bangsa Arab terhadap kerajaan Uthmaniyah.
kala nak tahu raja Arab Saudi, keturunan Al-Saud adalah berasal dari keturunan Yahudi.
dah memang adat bangsa Yahudi akan menghancur umat Islam from inside and out.
kala nak tahu raja Arab Saudi, keturunan Al-Saud adalah berasal dari keturunan Yahudi.
dah memang adat bangsa Yahudi akan menghancur umat Islam from inside and out.
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by alphawolf Thu 24 Oct 2013, 12:07 pm
Hmmm kalau camtu yahudi masuk Islam manjang kena perati la ye?
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by dreamwarrior Thu 24 Oct 2013, 1:48 pm
tak jugak. ada juga Yahudi yang masuk Islam betui-betui sebab dapat hidayah. yang penting umat Islam kena bersatu dan berwaspada dengan pelbagai bentuk ancaman bangsa Yahudi ni.alphawolf wrote:Hmmm kalau camtu yahudi masuk Islam manjang kena perati la ye?
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by HangPC2 Thu 24 Oct 2013, 3:07 pm
atreyudevil wrote:HangPC
Kapten Barbossa a.k.a Red Beard tarak ka?
tami tami tami
Kapten Jambang Merah nanti saya usahakan cari Info yang menarik...
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by alphawolf Thu 24 Oct 2013, 3:31 pm
Jangan lupa juga masukkan cite camne mereka mengalahkan pendaratan Brit/ANZAC di Gallipoli
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Re: Sejarah Ketenteraan Turki Uthmaniyah
by HangPC2 Thu 24 Oct 2013, 3:46 pm
alphawolf wrote:Jangan lupa juga masukkan cite camne mereka mengalahkan pendaratan Brit/ANZAC di Gallipoli
Ok Bro
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